Glycerin, synthetic
CAS: 56-81-5
Molecular Formula: C3H8O3
Glycerin, synthetic - Names and Identifiers
| Synonyms | Glyceol Emery 912 Glycerin USP glycerin(mist) glycerin,synthetic glycerin,anhydrous Glycerin, anhydrous Glycerin, synthetic |
| CAS | 56-81-5 |
| EINECS | 200-289-5 |
| InChIKey | PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Glycerin, synthetic - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C3H8O3 |
| Molar Mass | 92.09 |
| Density | 1.25 g/mL(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 20°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 290 °C |
| Flash Point | 320°F |
| JECFA Number | 909 |
| Water Solubility | >500 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | H2O: 5M at20°C, clear, colorless |
| Vapor Presure | <1 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 3.1 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Viscous Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 1.265 (15/15℃)1.262 |
| Color | APHA: ≤10 |
| Odor | Odorless. |
| Exposure Limit | OSHA: TWA 15 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3 |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.04'] |
| Merck | 14,4484 |
| BRN | 635685 |
| pKa | 14.15(at 25℃) |
| PH | 5.5-8 (25℃, 5M in H2O) |
| Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with perchloric acid, lead oxide, acetic anhydride, nitrobenzene, chlorine, peroxides, strong acids, strong bases. Combustible. |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Explosive Limit | 2.6-11.3%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.474(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless, transparent, odorless, viscous liquid, sweet, hygroscopic. Miscible with water and ethanol, the aqueous solution is neutral. Soluble in 11 times ethyl acetate, about 500 times ether. Insoluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether, oil. |
| Use | This product is for scientific research only and shall not be used for other purposes. |
| Caution | Mainly composed of high-purity glycerin and deionized water. |
Glycerin, synthetic - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R36 - Irritating to the eyes R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable |
| Safety Description | S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S39 - Wear eye / face protection. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| UN IDs | UN 1282 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | MA8050000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29054500 |
| Toxicity | LD50 in rats (ml/kg): >20 orally; 4.4 i.v. (Bartsch) |
Glycerin, synthetic - Introduction
Chemical storage solution
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:40:06
Glycerin, synthetic - Reference Information
| FEMA | 2525 | GLYCEROL |
| pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration | 5.5 - 8 |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| effect and efficacy of glycerol | glycerol can lubricate and irritate the intestinal wall, soften stool and make it easy to discharge. And dehydration, and sodium ascorbate into compound injection intravenous administration, can reduce intraocular pressure. External use has hygroscopic effect, and the local tissue softening. Can dissolve borax, boric acid, phenol, nucleic acid, salicylic acid, etc. Mainly used for children and the elderly and infirm constipation, general brain edema rescue, glaucoma treatment, winter chapped skin and peeling. |
| esterification of glycerol | glycerol and fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) are esterified to form glycerides. In the reaction, the hydroxyl group can be gradually esterified to form monoglyceride C3H5(OH)2(OCOR), Diglyceride C3H5(OH)(OCOR)2 and triglyceride C3H5(OCOR)3: FIG. 2 is an esterification diagram of glycerol. an important method for the preparation of monoglycerides and diglycerides in industry is to directly react an oil ester with glycerol to obtain a mixture of monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides, the monoglycerides were separated by distillation. Monoglycerides with purity up to 90% were obtained by this method. In the experiment, the fatty acid is subjected to an acid chloride and then reacted with glycerol to produce a glyceride. glycerol and mineral acids can also undergo esterification, most importantly with nitric acid. Glycerol is added dropwise to the mixed acid of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid under strict cooling to form glyceryl trinitrate (see "glyceryl nitrate"). |
| side effects | glycerin non-toxic, oral high-dose can cause Head Pain, dizziness, thirst, Nausea, Vomit, Diarrhea, but the symptoms are mild and can disappear after bed rest. |
| content analysis | preparation of Sodium periodate solution sodium carbonate (NaIO4)60g, dissolve in an aqueous solution containing 120ml of 0.1mol/L sulfur mash, and set the volume to 1000ml with water, without heating when dissolving. If the solution is not clear, it is filtered through a sintered glass funnel. The solution was stored in a light-shielded container with a glass plug. The applicability of the test solution was tested as follows. Take 10ml into a 250ml measuring flask and mix with water. About 550mg of glycerol was dissolved in 50ml of water, and 50ml of the above dilute periodic acid solution was added with a pipette. Another 50ml of dilute periodic acid solution was added to a flask containing 50ml of water as a control. Each solution was allowed to stand for 30min, and 5ml of hydrochloric acid and 10ml of potassium iodide test solution (TS-192) were added to each solution, followed by mixing with rotation. Then stand for 5min, add 100ml of water, titrate with 0.1mol/L sodium thiosulfate solution, shake constantly, add several drops of starch test solution (TS-235) immediately to the end point, and then titrate to the end point. The volume ratio of 0.1mol/L sodium thiosulfate consumed for glycerol/periodate mixture and blank test solution, if it is between 0.750 and 0.765, will meet the applicable requirements. accurately weigh about 400mg of sample, put it into a 600ml beaker, add 50ml of water to dilute, and add bromothymol test solution (TS-56) A few drops, and 0.2mol/L sulfuric acid to a clear green or green yellow. Neutralized with 0.05mol/L sodium hydroxide to a clear blue endpoint (no green). The neutralization was carried out with an additional 50ml of water as described above as a blank test. 50ml of the above Sodium periodate solution was pipetted, added to each beaker, mixed with slow shaking, covered with a surface dish, and left at room temperature (not exceeding 35 ° C.) for 30min in the dark or in the dark. 10ml of a mixed solution composed of ethylene glycol and water of equal capacity was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 30min. Each solution was diluted to about 300ml with water. Titrate the sample solution to pH 4.0±0.1 with 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide using a pH meter previously calibrated with a standard buffer solution of phthalic acid (salt) at pH, the blank sample was titrated to pH 6.5±0.1. Each mL of 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is equivalent to 9.210mg of glycerol (C3H8O3) corrected by blank sample. |
| toxicity | ADI value is not specified (FAO/WHO,2001). LD5025g/kg (rat, oral). In vivo, it can be hydrolyzed and oxidized into nutrients, and even if l00g is administered in a dilute solution, it is harmless, but in a very large amount, ethanol may act as anesthetic and cause hyperglycemia. GRAS(t}DA,§ 182.1320,2000). |
| usage limit | FAO/WHO(1984,g/kg): Gotha cheese 5; Edible ice and iced beverage 50. FEMA(mg/kg): Soft drink 570; Cold drink 500; Candy 980; Baked goods 1300; Pudding 360; Gum 17~6000; Meat 40; Cake flower 23000. GB 2760-96: gum base is limited to GMP. GB 2760-2002: candy, chocolate and chocolate products, GMP. |
| Use | water retention agent (for bread, cake); Carrier solvent (for spices, pigments, water-insoluble preservatives, etc.); thickeners (for beverages, wine, etc.); Plasticizers (candy, dessert, meat products); Sweeteners. EEC regulations can be used for alcoholic beverages, candy, cake, coating, meat and cheese coating, non-alcoholic beverages, baked goods, gum, gelatin sweets, etc. glycerol is an important basic organic raw material, which is widely used in industry, medicine and daily life. At present, there are about 1700 kinds of uses, mainly used in medicine, cosmetics, alkyd resin, tobacco, food, drink acid resin, serulo and explosives, textile printing and dyeing, etc. The consumption of fuel consumption in the fields of alkyd resin, celrole and explosives is on the decline. But in medicine, cosmetics, food applications will continue to grow. A nutrient source can be formed after hydrolysis in the body. Also widely used in textile, food, paper, metal processing, paint, daily chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, tobacco, military and other enterprises. gas chromatography stationary liquid chemical storage liquid |
| production method | the industrial production method of glycerol can be divided into two categories: the method of using natural oil as raw material, the resulting glycerol is commonly known as natural glycerol; The synthesis of propylene as a raw material, the resulting glycerol is commonly known as synthetic glycerol. 1. Production of natural glycerol prior to 1984, glycerol was recovered entirely from by-products of animal and vegetable fats for soap production. Up to now, natural oil is still the main raw material for the production of glycerol, about 42% of the natural glycerol in the base is obtained from the soap by-product, and 58% from the production of fatty acids. Saponification of oils and fats in the soap-making industry. The saponification reaction product is divided into two layers: the upper layer is mainly containing fatty acid sodium salt (soap) and a small amount of glycerol, the lower layer is waste alkali liquid, which is a dilute solution of glycerol containing salts and sodium hydroxide, generally containing 9-16% glycerol, inorganic salt 8-20%. Lipid reaction. Oil hydrolysis of glycerol water (also known as Sweet Water), the glycerol content is higher than soap wastewater, about 14-20%, 0-0.2% of inorganic salts. In recent years, continuous high pressure hydrolysis has been widely used, the reaction does not use a catalyst, the obtained sweet water generally does not contain inorganic acid, and the purification method is simpler than the waste alkali solution. Whether it is soap-making waste liquid, or the amount of glycerin contained in glycerin water obtained by hydrolysis of oil is not high, and all contain various impurities. The production process of natural glycerin includes purification and concentration to obtain crude glycerin, as well as crude glycerol distillation, decolorization, Deodorization of the refining process. This process is described in detail in some publications. 2. Production of synthetic glycerol the various pathways for the synthesis of glycerol from propylene can be grouped into two broad categories, namely chlorination and oxidation. Now the industry is still in use of propylene chloride and propylene from acetic acid oxidation. (1) propylene chloride method this is the most important production method in the synthesis of glycerol, including four steps, namely, propylene high temperature chlorination, chloropropene hypochlorous acid, dichloropropanol saponification and epichlorohydrin hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of Epichlorohydrin to glycerol is carried out in an aqueous solution of 150 hydrogen oxidation and 1% sodium carbonate at 10% ℃ and 1.37MPa carbon dioxide pressure, glycerol aqueous solution containing sodium chloride with a glycerol content of 5-20% is formed, and glycerol with a purity of more than 98% is obtained by concentration, desalting and distillation. (2) propylene peracetic acid oxidation of propylene and peracetic acid reaction synthesis of propylene oxide, propylene oxide isomerization of propylene oxide to ene for propanol. The latter is then reacted with peracetic acid to produce epoxypropanol (I. E. Glycidol), which is finally hydrolyzed to glycerol. The production of Peracetic acid does not need a catalyst, acetaldehyde and oxygen gas phase oxidation, under the conditions of atmospheric pressure, 150-160 ℃, contact time 24s, acetaldehyde conversion rate of 11%, peracetic acid selectivity of 83%. The latter two reactions are carried out continuously in a reaction distillation column of a special structure. After the raw material allyl alcohol and the ethyl acetate solution containing peracetic acid were fed to the column, the column kettle was controlled at 60-70 ° C. And 13-20kPa. The ethyl acetate solvent and water were distilled from the top of the column, and an aqueous glycerol solution was obtained from the column. The selectivity and yield of this method are higher, using peracetic acid as oxidant, no catalyst can be used, the reaction speed is faster, and the process is simplified. Production of 1T glycerol consumed 1.001T of allyl alcohol, 1.184T of Peracetic acid and 0.947T of by-product acetic acid. At present, the production of natural glycerol and synthetic glycerol accounted for almost 50%, and propylene chloride accounted for about 80% of the production of glycerol. China's natural glycerol accounted for more than 90% of the total output. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50:26000 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 4090 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | Skin-rabbits 500 mg/24 h mild; eye-rabbit 126 mg mild |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive interaction with chromic anhydride, potassium chlorate and potassium permanganate |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable in open flame, high temperature, strong oxidant; combustion emissions |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying |
| fire extinguishing agent | foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand, water mist |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 15 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 698 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:49:11
